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          01-认识Web和Web标准
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        <h2 id="Web、网页、浏览器"><a href="#Web、网页、浏览器" class="headerlink" title="Web、网页、浏览器"></a>Web、网页、浏览器</h2><h3 id="Web"><a href="#Web" class="headerlink" title="Web"></a>Web</h3><p>Web（World Wide Web）即全球广域网，也称为万维网。</p>
<p>我们常说的<code>Web端</code>就是网页端。</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h3 id="网页"><a href="#网页" class="headerlink" title="网页"></a>网页</h3><p><strong>网页是构成网站的基本元素</strong>。网页主要由文字、图像和超链接等元素构成。当然，除了这些元素，网页中还可以包含音频、视频以及Flash等。</p>
<p>我们在浏览器上输入网址后，打开的任何一个页面，都是属于网页。</p>
<h3 id="浏览器"><a href="#浏览器" class="headerlink" title="浏览器"></a>浏览器</h3><p>浏览器是网页运行的平台，常见的浏览器有谷歌（Chrome）、Safari、火狐（Firefox）、IE、Edge、Opera等。</p>
<p>关于浏览器的详细介绍，可以看下一篇文章：《<a href="https://github.com/qianguyihao/Web/blob/master/01-html/02-%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">浏览器的介绍</a>》</p>
<h2 id="Web标准"><a href="#Web标准" class="headerlink" title="Web标准"></a>Web标准</h2><h3 id="W3C组织"><a href="#W3C组织" class="headerlink" title="W3C组织"></a>W3C组织</h3><p><strong>W3C</strong>：万维网联盟组织，用来制定web标准的机构（组织）。</p>
<p>W3C 万维网联盟是国际最著名的标准化组织。1994年成立后，至今已发布近百项相关万维网的标准，对万维网发展做出了杰出的贡献。</p>
<p>W3C 组织就类似于现实世界中的联合国。</p>
<p>为什么要遵循WEB标准呢？因为很多浏览器的浏览器内核不同，导致页面解析出来的效果可能会有差异，给开发者增加无谓的工作量。因此需要指定统一的标准。</p>
<h3 id="Web-标准"><a href="#Web-标准" class="headerlink" title="Web 标准"></a>Web 标准</h3><p><strong>Web标准</strong>：制作网页要遵循的规范。</p>
<p>Web标准不是某一个标准，而是由W3C组织和其他标准化组织制定的一系列标准的集合。</p>
<p><strong>1、Web标准包括三个方面</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>结构标准（HTML）：用于对网页元素进行整理和分类。</p>
</li>
<li><p>表现标准（CSS）：用于设置网页元素的版式、颜色、大小等外观样式。</p>
</li>
<li><p>行为标准（JS）：用于定义网页的交互和行为。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>根据上面的Web标准，可以将 Web前端分为三层，如下。</p>
<p><strong>2、Web前端分三层</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>HTML（HyperText Markup Language）：超文本标记语言。从<strong>语义</strong>的角度描述页面的<strong>结构</strong>。相当于人的身体组织结构。</li>
<li>CSS（Cascading Style Sheets）：层叠样式表。从<strong>审美</strong>的角度美化页面的<strong>样式</strong>。相当于人的衣服和打扮。</li>
<li>JS：JavaScript。从<strong>交互</strong>的角度描述页面的<strong>行为</strong>。相当于人的动作，让人有生命力。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>3、打个比方</strong>：（拿黄渤举例）</p>
<p>HTML 相当于人的身体组织结构：</p>
<p><img src="http://img.smyhvae.com/20200322_1250.png" alt></p>
<p>CSS 相当于人的衣服和打扮：</p>
<p><img src="http://img.smyhvae.com/20200322_1251.png" alt></p>
<p>JS 相当于人的行为：</p>
<p><img src="http://img.smyhvae.com/20200322_2220.gif" alt></p>

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          <div class="post-toc motion-element"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Web、网页、浏览器"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Web、网页、浏览器</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Web"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Web</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#网页"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">网页</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#浏览器"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">浏览器</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Web标准"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">Web标准</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#W3C组织"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">W3C组织</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Web-标准"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">Web 标准</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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